Photobleaching calculations





Cross-section
/ cm²
Photon flux
/ Hz cm⁻²
Excitation rate
/ Hz
Normalised half-life
/ 1000 molecule⁻¹ Hz

Photon budget

Cross-section
/ nm²

Photon flux
/ Hz nm⁻²

Emission rate
/ Hz

Average photon emission interval
/ ms

Bleaching dose / fJ




Note: bleaching rates / photon budgets are not necessarily comparable across publications due to differences in irradiance, sample preparations, buffers, etc.!